4.1
Question 1
A startup runs a customer-facing application on Amazon EC2. The workload is unpredictable, and the startup does not want to make a long-term commitment before understanding its traffic patterns. Which EC2 purchasing option provides the most flexibility?
A. On-Demand Instances
B. Standard Reserved Instances
C. Spot Instances
D. Dedicated Hosts
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** On-Demand Instances let the company pay for compute capacity by usage without requiring a long-term commitment. They are appropriate for unpredictable workloads and applications that cannot be interrupted. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Standard Reserved Instances):** Provide a discounted rate in exchange for a commitment to a specific configuration and term. * **C (Spot Instances):** Use spare Amazon EC2 capacity at a discount but can be interrupted when AWS needs the capacity. * **D (Dedicated Hosts):** Provide an entire physical server dedicated to one customer and are intended for specific licensing or compliance requirements, not general pricing flexibility.Question 2
A batch-processing application runs only when spare compute capacity is available. The application can automatically checkpoint its progress and restart if interrupted. Which EC2 purchasing option can provide the lowest compute cost for this workload?
A. On-Demand Instances
B. Spot Instances
C. Dedicated Instances
D. Standard Reserved Instances
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** B **Explanation:** * **Why B is correct:** Spot Instances use unused Amazon EC2 capacity and can offer significant discounts compared with On-Demand pricing. They are suitable for fault-tolerant and interruptible workloads. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A (On-Demand Instances):** Do not require a commitment but generally cost more than Spot Instances for the same capacity. * **C (Dedicated Instances):** Run on hardware dedicated to a single customer but are not intended to provide the lowest price for interruptible batch processing. * **D (Standard Reserved Instances):** Reduce costs for steady workloads through a commitment, but they are less suitable when capacity is needed only intermittently and can be interrupted.Question 3
A company has a production application that uses a consistent number of Amazon EC2 instances every day. The company expects the workload to remain stable for the next three years and wants a lower hourly rate in exchange for a commitment. Which option best meets this requirement?
A. Standard Reserved Instances
B. Spot Instances
C. On-Demand Instances
D. Capacity Reservations
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Standard Reserved Instances provide a discounted rate when a company commits to a specific instance configuration for a term, such as one or three years. They are appropriate for steady, predictable workloads. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Spot Instances):** Can be interrupted and are not appropriate for a consistently running production workload that requires predictable availability. * **C (On-Demand Instances):** Provide flexibility but generally have a higher price because they do not require a long-term commitment. * **D (Capacity Reservations):** Reserve capacity in a specific Availability Zone but do not primarily provide a discounted rate through a long-term pricing commitment.Question 4
A company purchased a Standard Reserved Instance, but its application requirements changed from one instance size to another size in the same instance family. The company wants to retain the Reserved Instance discount while changing the instance size. Which Reserved Instance characteristic should the company consider?
A. Regional Reserved Instance flexibility
B. Dedicated Host allocation
C. Spot Instance interruption behavior
D. Capacity Reservation expiration
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Regional Reserved Instances can provide size flexibility within the same instance family in the same AWS Region, subject to applicable platform and tenancy requirements. This can allow the discount to apply to different instance sizes within the family. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Dedicated Host allocation):** Concerns physical host allocation and licensing requirements, not changing the size covered by a Reserved Instance. * **C (Spot Instance interruption behavior):** Describes whether spare-capacity instances can be interrupted and is unrelated to Reserved Instance size flexibility. * **D (Capacity Reservation expiration):** Concerns the duration of reserved compute capacity in an Availability Zone, not the ability to modify a Reserved Instance configuration.Question 5
A company uses AWS Organizations with several linked accounts. One account purchases Reserved Instances, but the instances actually run in another account in the organization. The company wants the Reserved Instance discount to apply across the organization. Which action should the company take?
A. Enable Reserved Instance sharing in the management account
B. Purchase Dedicated Hosts in every linked account
C. Convert all instances to Spot Instances
D. Create a separate AWS Region for each linked account
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Reserved Instance sharing can allow discounts purchased by one account to apply to eligible usage in other accounts in the same AWS Organization. The organization can manage this setting from the management account. Sharing is generally enabled by default unless disabled. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Dedicated Hosts):** Provide dedicated physical servers and do not enable Reserved Instance discount sharing across accounts. * **C (Spot Instances):** Use spare EC2 capacity and do not address sharing an existing Reserved Instance discount. * **D (Create a separate AWS Region):** Reserved Instance discounts are tied to applicable Regions and configurations; creating Regions does not enable organizational discount sharing.Question 6
A company has a workload that consistently uses Amazon EC2 instances but may change instance families and sizes as the application evolves. The company wants a pricing model that provides savings based on a consistent amount of compute usage while offering more flexibility than a Standard Reserved Instance. Which option is most appropriate?
A. Compute Savings Plan
B. Dedicated Host
C. Spot Instance
D. Capacity Reservation
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** A Compute Savings Plan provides discounted pricing in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of compute usage per hour. It offers flexibility across instance families, sizes, Regions, operating systems, and tenancy, depending on the eligible compute services and usage. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Dedicated Host):** Provides an entire physical server for a customer but is not a flexible commitment-based pricing model for changing compute configurations. * **C (Spot Instance):** Offers discounted spare capacity but may be interrupted and does not provide the same predictable commitment model. * **D (Capacity Reservation):** Reserves EC2 capacity in a specific Availability Zone but does not provide the broad pricing flexibility of a Compute Savings Plan.Question 7
A financial services company must ensure that Amazon EC2 capacity is available in a specific Availability Zone for an application during a planned business event. The company does not necessarily need a long-term discounted price. Which option should the company use?
A. Capacity Reservation
B. Standard Reserved Instance
C. Spot Instance
D. Compute Savings Plan
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** A Capacity Reservation reserves EC2 capacity for a specified instance type in a specific Availability Zone. It is useful when the primary requirement is ensuring capacity availability, rather than receiving a long-term usage discount. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Standard Reserved Instance):** Primarily provides discounted pricing for a commitment and does not by itself guarantee capacity in a specific Availability Zone. * **C (Spot Instance):** Uses spare capacity and can be interrupted, so it is unsuitable when capacity must be available for a planned event. * **D (Compute Savings Plan):** Provides discounted compute pricing but does not reserve capacity in a particular Availability Zone.Question 8
A company is transferring data from Amazon EC2 in one AWS Region to Amazon EC2 in another AWS Region. The company wants to understand how data transfer charges may apply. Which statement is correct?
A. Data transfer between AWS Regions can incur charges for data transferred out of the source Region.
B. Data transfer between AWS Regions is always free in both directions.
C. Only data transferred into the destination Region is charged, and data transferred out is always free.
D. Data transfer between AWS Regions is charged only when Dedicated Hosts are used.
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Data transfer between AWS Regions can incur charges, commonly including charges for data transferred out of the source Region. The company should review the pricing for the specific AWS services and transfer path. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B:** Cross-Region data transfer is not universally free. * **C:** The statement incorrectly claims that data transferred out of the source Region is always free. * **D:** Data transfer pricing is not limited to workloads using Dedicated Hosts.Question 9
A company operates two Amazon EC2 instances in the same Availability Zone. The instances exchange a large volume of application data. The company wants to minimize data transfer costs. Which two actions should the company consider? (Select TWO)
A. Keep the communicating instances in the same Availability Zone when the architecture allows it
B. Transfer the data through another AWS Region
C. Review the AWS service-specific pricing for same-Region and same-Availability-Zone traffic
D. Move the instances to Dedicated Hosts in different Regions
E. Use Spot Instances to eliminate all data transfer charges
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answers:** A, C **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Keeping resources in the same Availability Zone can help avoid or reduce certain inter-AZ data transfer charges, depending on the services and network path used. * **Why C is correct:** Data transfer pricing depends on the AWS services, Availability Zones, and network path involved. Reviewing the applicable pricing helps identify the lowest-cost architecture. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Transfer through another Region):** Cross-Region transfer can introduce additional data transfer charges and usually increases latency. * **D (Dedicated Hosts in different Regions):** Using dedicated hardware and different Regions does not reduce transfer costs and can increase them. * **E (Spot Instances):** Spot pricing affects compute costs, not all network data transfer charges.Question 10
A media company stores frequently accessed production files and older files that are rarely accessed. The company wants to reduce storage costs by selecting storage tiers based on access patterns. Which two approaches are appropriate? (Select TWO)
A. Store frequently accessed objects in Amazon S3 Standard
B. Use an Amazon S3 storage class designed for infrequently accessed objects for older files
C. Store all files on Amazon EBS because EBS has no storage charges
D. Use Amazon EC2 On-Demand pricing to reduce the cost of S3 object storage
E. Use Spot Instances as a storage tier for long-term archival data
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answers:** A, B **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Amazon S3 Standard is designed for frequently accessed data and provides a general-purpose object storage option. * **Why B is correct:** Amazon S3 offers storage classes for less frequently accessed data, which can reduce storage costs when the access pattern justifies the associated retrieval and minimum-storage considerations. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **C (Amazon EBS):** EBS is block storage for resources such as EC2 instances and does have storage charges. It is not a general replacement for tiered object storage. * **D (EC2 On-Demand pricing):** EC2 purchasing options affect compute costs, not the storage class or pricing of S3 objects. * **E (Spot Instances):** Spot Instances provide discounted, interruptible compute capacity and are not a storage tier for archival data.Question 11
A company runs a production application on Amazon EC2 24 hours a day throughout the year. The workload is stable and predictable, and the company wants to reduce compute costs in exchange for a one- or three-year commitment. Which option should the company choose?
A. On-Demand Instances
B. Reserved Instances
C. Spot Instances
D. Capacity Reservations
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** B **Explanation:** * **Why B is correct:** Reserved Instances provide a billing discount in exchange for a commitment to a consistent instance configuration and term, typically one or three years. They are appropriate for steady, predictable workloads. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A (On-Demand Instances):** Provide flexible pricing without a long-term commitment but generally cost more for continuously running workloads. * **C (Spot Instances):** Use spare Amazon EC2 capacity at discounted prices but can be interrupted when AWS needs the capacity. * **D (Capacity Reservations):** Reserve capacity in a specific Availability Zone but do not provide the same pricing discount as Reserved Instances.Question 12
A financial services company runs a batch-processing application that can be interrupted and restarted without affecting business operations. The company wants the lowest possible Amazon EC2 cost. Which purchasing option is most appropriate?
A. On-Demand Instances
B. Reserved Instances
C. Spot Instances
D. Dedicated Hosts
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** C **Explanation:** * **Why C is correct:** Spot Instances use unused Amazon EC2 capacity and can provide significant discounts compared with On-Demand pricing. They are appropriate for flexible, fault-tolerant, and interruptible workloads. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A (On-Demand Instances):** Are flexible but typically cost more than Spot Instances. * **B (Reserved Instances):** Are intended for predictable workloads that require a longer-term commitment. * **D (Dedicated Hosts):** Provide a physical server dedicated to one customer and are used for compliance or licensing requirements, not lowest-cost interruptible processing.Question 13
A company has an application that must run on an Amazon EC2 instance in a specific Availability Zone. The company needs assurance that the required capacity will be available when it launches the instance, but it does not require a pricing discount. Which option meets these requirements?
A. Capacity Reservation
B. Standard Reserved Instance
C. Compute Savings Plan
D. Spot Instance
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** An On-Demand Capacity Reservation reserves compute capacity for a specific instance type in a specific Availability Zone. It helps ensure that capacity is available when needed but does not reduce the normal On-Demand rate. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Standard Reserved Instance):** Provides a billing discount but does not guarantee capacity unless it is combined with a capacity reservation. * **C (Compute Savings Plan):** Provides discounted rates based on a committed hourly spend but does not reserve capacity in a specific Availability Zone. * **D (Spot Instance):** Uses spare capacity and can be interrupted, so it does not guarantee capacity.Question 14
A company has several Amazon EC2 instances that run continuously. The company expects the instances to remain in the same instance family but might change the instance size during the next three years. Which Reserved Instance feature can help the company continue receiving discounted pricing after changing the instance size?
A. Regional Reserved Instance flexibility
B. Dedicated Host tenancy
C. Capacity Reservation
D. Spot Instance interruption handling
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Regional Reserved Instances can provide flexibility to apply the reservation across different Availability Zones in the same Region and, for eligible configurations, across different sizes within the same instance family by using normalization factors. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Dedicated Host tenancy):** Provides a physical server dedicated to one customer and does not provide Reserved Instance size flexibility. * **C (Capacity Reservation):** Reserves capacity in a specific Availability Zone but does not provide Reserved Instance flexibility. * **D (Spot Instance interruption handling):** Relates to interruptions of Spot Instances and has no relationship to Reserved Instance applicability.Question 15
A company purchased a Standard Reserved Instance for a specific Amazon EC2 configuration. Later, the company needs to change the instance family and operating system. Which option generally provides the greatest ability to modify the Reserved Instance attributes?
A. Convertible Reserved Instance
B. Standard Reserved Instance
C. Capacity Reservation
D. On-Demand Instance
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Convertible Reserved Instances allow the customer to exchange the reservation for another Convertible Reserved Instance with different attributes, subject to the applicable exchange rules and value requirements. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Standard Reserved Instance):** Offers a discount for a fixed configuration and has more limited modification flexibility. * **C (Capacity Reservation):** Reserves capacity but is not a type of Reserved Instance that can be exchanged for different attributes. * **D (On-Demand Instance):** Has no long-term commitment or Reserved Instance attributes to modify.Question 16
A company uses AWS Organizations with consolidated billing. One member account purchased Reserved Instances, while another member account runs matching Amazon EC2 instances. The company has not disabled Reserved Instance sharing. How can the organization use the Reserved Instance benefit?
A. The benefit can be applied to eligible usage across the organization
B. The benefit can be used only by the account that purchased the Reserved Instance
C. The benefit can be used only by the management account
D. The benefit can be transferred only to a different AWS Region
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** With consolidated billing, Reserved Instance benefits can be shared across eligible accounts in an AWS Organization when sharing is enabled. This can help the organization use the purchased discount more efficiently. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B:** Reserved Instance sharing is not limited to the purchasing account when sharing is enabled. * **C:** The management account does not exclusively receive the benefit. * **D:** This does not describe how Reserved Instance sharing works across organization accounts.Question 17
A company wants a single pricing model that can reduce costs for Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, and Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) tasks running on AWS Fargate. The company is willing to commit to a consistent amount of compute usage per hour for one or three years. Which option should the company choose?
A. Compute Savings Plan
B. EC2 Instance Savings Plan
C. Standard Reserved Instance
D. Capacity Reservation
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** A Compute Savings Plan applies to eligible compute usage across Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, and AWS Fargate. It provides flexibility in exchange for a committed hourly spend. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (EC2 Instance Savings Plan):** Provides savings for EC2 usage but is less broadly applicable than a Compute Savings Plan. * **C (Standard Reserved Instance):** Applies to eligible EC2 usage and does not cover AWS Lambda or AWS Fargate. * **D (Capacity Reservation):** Reserves EC2 capacity in an Availability Zone but does not provide this cross-service pricing coverage.Question 18
A company has a large and predictable Amazon EC2 workload, but the workload might move between different instance families and AWS Regions. The company wants a discounted rate while retaining as much compute flexibility as possible. Which option is most appropriate?
A. Compute Savings Plan
B. Standard Reserved Instance
C. Capacity Reservation
D. Dedicated Host
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Compute Savings Plans provide discounted compute rates based on a committed hourly spend and offer flexibility across eligible EC2 instance families, sizes, operating systems, and Regions. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Standard Reserved Instance):** Provides a discount but is tied more closely to specific attributes and generally offers less flexibility. * **C (Capacity Reservation):** Provides capacity assurance in a specific Availability Zone but does not provide a broad compute discount. * **D (Dedicated Host):** Provides dedicated physical hardware and is not primarily a flexible discount model.Question 19
A company runs a steady workload on one Amazon EC2 instance family and wants the largest discount available through a Savings Plan. The company does not expect to change the instance family during the commitment period. Which option is generally most appropriate?
A. EC2 Instance Savings Plan
B. Compute Savings Plan
C. On-Demand pricing
D. Spot pricing
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** EC2 Instance Savings Plans can provide greater savings than Compute Savings Plans when the workload remains within a specified EC2 instance family in a Region. They support changes such as instance size, operating system, and tenancy within the plan’s scope. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Compute Savings Plan):** Offers greater flexibility across compute services and instance families but may provide a lower discount than an EC2 Instance Savings Plan. * **C (On-Demand pricing):** Does not require a commitment but generally costs more for stable usage. * **D (Spot pricing):** Is intended for interruptible workloads and does not provide guaranteed ongoing capacity.Question 20
A company requires a physical Amazon EC2 server to satisfy a software licensing agreement that is based on physical sockets and cores. Which purchasing option should the company evaluate?
A. Dedicated Host
B. Dedicated Instance
C. Spot Instance
D. Compute Savings Plan
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** A Dedicated Host provides a physical server dedicated to a single customer and gives visibility into the underlying physical host, which can help satisfy certain server-bound software licensing requirements. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Dedicated Instance):** Runs instances on hardware dedicated to a single customer but does not provide the same level of physical host visibility and control. * **C (Spot Instance):** Uses spare EC2 capacity and is not designed for physical licensing requirements. * **D (Compute Savings Plan):** Provides a discounted compute rate but does not provide dedicated physical hardware.Question 21
A company is launching a new application. The expected workload is uncertain, and the company does not want to make a long-term commitment. The application must remain available without interruption. Which Amazon EC2 pricing option is most appropriate initially?
A. On-Demand Instances
B. Spot Instances
C. Standard Reserved Instances
D. Dedicated Hosts
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** On-Demand Instances allow the company to pay for compute capacity without a long-term commitment. They are appropriate when usage is unpredictable and interruption is not acceptable. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (Spot Instances):** Can be interrupted when AWS needs the capacity. * **C (Standard Reserved Instances):** Require a longer-term commitment and are better suited to stable, predictable workloads. * **D (Dedicated Hosts):** Are intended for dedicated hardware requirements and are not the typical choice for an uncertain workload.Question 22
A company is comparing data transfer costs for an application. The company expects to send a large amount of data from Amazon EC2 in one AWS Region to Amazon EC2 in another AWS Region. Which statement is generally correct?
A. Data transfer into AWS is generally charged, but data transfer out is always free
B. Data transfer between Regions can incur charges, including charges for data sent out of a Region
C. All data transfer between AWS Regions is free
D. Data transfer between Regions is covered automatically by a Compute Savings Plan
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** B **Explanation:** * **Why B is correct:** Data transferred between AWS Regions can incur charges. In general, data transfer into AWS is free, while data transfer out of a Region is commonly charged according to the applicable service pricing. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A:** Data transfer out is not always free. * **C:** Inter-Region data transfer is not universally free. * **D:** Savings Plans apply to eligible compute usage and do not cover data transfer charges.Question 23
An application has two Amazon EC2 instances in the same AWS Region and the same Availability Zone. The instances communicate using private IP addresses. The company wants to understand the expected data transfer pricing. Which statement is generally correct?
A. Data transfer between the instances is generally free
B. Data transfer is charged at the inter-Region rate
C. Data transfer is charged because all EC2 traffic uses the public internet
D. Data transfer is covered only if the instances use Spot pricing
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Data transfer between Amazon EC2 instances in the same Availability Zone using private IP addresses is generally free. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B:** The instances are not communicating across AWS Regions. * **C:** Private IP communication does not use the public internet. * **D:** Data transfer pricing does not depend on whether the instances use On-Demand or Spot pricing.Question 24
A company deploys an application across multiple Availability Zones for high availability. The application frequently transfers data between Amazon EC2 instances in different Availability Zones within the same AWS Region. What should the company consider?
A. Cross-Availability Zone data transfer charges can apply
B. All data transfer within a Region is free
C. Only incoming data transfer to AWS is charged
D. Savings Plans eliminate cross-Availability Zone charges
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Data transfer between Availability Zones can incur Regional Data Transfer charges, even when the Availability Zones are in the same AWS Region. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B:** Data transfer within a Region is not universally free, especially between Availability Zones. * **C:** Cross-Availability Zone traffic can incur charges in accordance with the applicable pricing. * **D:** Savings Plans reduce eligible compute costs but do not eliminate data transfer charges.Question 25
A media company stores frequently accessed objects in Amazon S3. The objects must be available with low latency, and the company does not want to pay retrieval fees for normal access. Which storage class is most appropriate?
A. S3 Standard
B. S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
C. S3 Glacier Deep Archive
D. S3 One Zone-IA
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** S3 Standard is designed for frequently accessed data and provides high availability and low-latency access without separate retrieval fees for normal access. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval):** Is intended for archival data and has retrieval charges and retrieval delays. * **C (S3 Glacier Deep Archive):** Is designed for long-term, rarely accessed archival data and has longer retrieval times. * **D (S3 One Zone-IA):** Is intended for infrequently accessed data and is stored in a single Availability Zone, with retrieval charges.Question 26
A company stores data that is accessed only a few times each month but must be retrieved immediately when needed. The data can be stored in a single Availability Zone to reduce cost because it can be recreated from another source. Which Amazon S3 storage class is appropriate?
A. S3 Standard
B. S3 Standard-IA
C. S3 One Zone-IA
D. S3 Glacier Deep Archive
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** C **Explanation:** * **Why C is correct:** S3 One Zone-IA is designed for infrequently accessed data that requires rapid access and can tolerate storage in a single Availability Zone. It generally costs less than multi-AZ infrequent-access storage but includes retrieval charges. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A (S3 Standard):** Is designed for frequently accessed data and generally has a higher storage price for this use case. * **B (S3 Standard-IA):** Stores data redundantly across multiple Availability Zones and is appropriate when that additional resilience is required. * **D (S3 Glacier Deep Archive):** Is intended for rarely accessed archival data and does not provide immediate retrieval.Question 27
A company must retain compliance records for seven years. The records are rarely accessed, and retrieval can take many hours. The company wants the lowest storage cost among appropriate Amazon S3 archival classes. Which option should the company choose?
A. S3 Standard
B. S3 Standard-IA
C. S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
D. S3 Glacier Deep Archive
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** D **Explanation:** * **Why D is correct:** S3 Glacier Deep Archive is designed for long-term retention of data that is rarely accessed. It offers very low storage costs but has longer retrieval times and retrieval charges. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **A (S3 Standard):** Is intended for frequently accessed data and generally has a higher storage cost. * **B (S3 Standard-IA):** Is intended for data accessed less frequently but still requires relatively fast access. * **C (S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval):** Provides instant access but generally costs more than Deep Archive for long-term, rarely accessed data.Question 28
A company stores backups in Amazon S3 Standard-IA. The company deletes many objects after only 10 days. What pricing consideration should the company understand?
A. S3 Standard-IA has a minimum storage duration, so early deletion charges can apply
B. S3 Standard-IA objects are always free to delete
C. S3 Standard-IA has no retrieval charges
D. S3 Standard-IA automatically converts all objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** S3 Standard-IA has a minimum storage duration. Deleting objects before that period ends can result in charges for the remaining minimum duration, in addition to any applicable request or retrieval charges. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B:** Early deletion charges can apply. * **C:** Infrequent-access storage classes can charge for data retrieval. * **D:** S3 storage classes do not automatically convert objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive unless lifecycle rules or another explicit configuration is used.Question 29
A company needs block storage for an Amazon EC2 database. The database requires consistent performance and the ability to provision input/output operations per second (IOPS) separately from storage capacity. Which Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume type should the company consider?
A. General Purpose SSD (gp3)
B. Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)
C. Cold HDD (sc1)
D. Magnetic volumes
Click to view Answer & Explanation
**Correct Answer:** A **Explanation:** * **Why A is correct:** Amazon EBS gp3 volumes provide predictable performance and allow IOPS and throughput to be provisioned independently from volume size, making them suitable for many database workloads. * **Why distractors are incorrect:** * **B (st1):** Is optimized for frequently accessed, throughput-intensive workloads and is not intended for boot volumes or transactional databases. * **C (sc1):** Is designed for infrequently accessed, throughput-oriented data and is not appropriate for consistent database I/O performance. * **D (Magnetic volumes):** Are a previous-generation volume type with variable performance and are not the preferred option for this requirement.Question 30
A company wants to reduce the cost of an Amazon EC2 workload that runs continuously. The company is willing to commit to a consistent hourly amount of compute usage but wants the ability to use the commitment across Amazon EC2 instance sizes and operating systems. Which option is most appropriate?
A. Compute Savings Plan
B. Spot Instances
C. Capacity Reservation
D. Dedicated Host